Research Article| April 28, 2025 Early Publication
Carl Regnéll;
Carl Regnéll
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
2
Department of Environmental Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
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Sarah L. Greenwood;
Sarah L. Greenwood
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Richard Gyllencreutz;
Richard Gyllencreutz
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Gustaf Peterson;
Gustaf Peterson
3
Department of Quaternary Geology, Geological Survey of Sweden, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden
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Joachim Regnéll;
Joachim Regnéll
2
Department of Environmental Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
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Christian Öhrling;
Christian Öhrling
3
Department of Quaternary Geology, Geological Survey of Sweden, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden
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Johannes Hardeng;
Johannes Hardeng
4
Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Ernst Johnson;
Ernst Johnson
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
5
Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jostein Bakke;
Jostein Bakke
4
Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Jan Magne Cederstrøm
Jan Magne Cederstrøm
4
Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Author and Article Information
Carl Regnéll
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
2
Department of Environmental Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
Sarah L. Greenwood
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Richard Gyllencreutz
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Gustaf Peterson
3
Department of Quaternary Geology, Geological Survey of Sweden, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden
Joachim Regnéll
2
Department of Environmental Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
Christian Öhrling
3
Department of Quaternary Geology, Geological Survey of Sweden, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden
Johannes Hardeng
4
Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
Ernst Johnson
1
Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
5
Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Jostein Bakke
4
Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
Jan Magne Cederstrøm
4
Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Received: 26 Feb 2025
Accepted: 16 Apr 2025
First Online: 28 Apr 2025
Online ISSN: 1943-2682
Print ISSN: 0091-7613
© 2025 The Authors
Geology (2025)
Article history
Received:
26 Feb 2025
Accepted:
16 Apr 2025
First Online:
28 Apr 2025
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Citation
Carl Regnéll, Sarah L. Greenwood, Richard Gyllencreutz, Gustaf Peterson, Joachim Regnéll, Christian Öhrling, Johannes Hardeng, Ernst Johnson, Jostein Bakke, Jan Magne Cederstrøm; Anchoring the Swedish Time Scale to the radiocarbon time scale —An absolute age for De Geer’s zero varve. Geology 2025; doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G53280.1
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The Swedish Time Scale (STS), based on annual sediment sequences (varves), is a unique tool for detailing Scandinavian deglaciation and climate history. Over a century in development, the STS comprises ∼13,300 varve-years, yet its connections to calendar years are insecure, and it cannot yet be considered a true absolute time scale. Consequently, it has not been possible to reliably investigate leads and lags of paleoclimate and environmental changes recorded in the STS in relation to other climate archives in NW Europe and the North Atlantic region. Here, we radiocarbon dated a series of early Holocene ice-dammed lake drainage events that deposited recognizable varves downstream. In particular, we identified the lake drainage responsible for depositing the so-called “zero varve” of the STS and dated it to 10,008 ± 87 calibrated years before present, A.D. 1950 (cal. yr B.P.). Using a hydrological model, we demonstrate that drainage duration was subseasonal and that drainage marker beds are, in chronological terms, true annual varves. By doing so, we anchor the STS in absolute time, provide revised ages of key deglacial and climatic events of the last glacial-interglacial transition, and present a tightly chronologically constrained reconstruction of early Holocene ice-sheet retreat in central Scandinavia.
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